一、广州农民运动讲习所(Guangzhou Training Center for Peasants Movement)旧址

毛泽东同志在大革命时期, 曾三次到广州从事革命活动. 第一次是1923年6月, 来穗出席中央 “三大” , 并当选为中央委员, 中央局秘书. 第二次是1924年1月, 来穗参与中国共产党帮助孙中山先生改组国民党, 并出席国民党 “一大” , 当选为国民党中央候补执行委员. 第三次是1925年9月来穗, 10月担任国民党中央宣传部代理部长, 主持国民党政治委员会机关刊物《政治周报》. 第二年5月至9月, 主持第六届农民运动讲习所并亲任所长, 为党培养了大批的农民运动的骨干, 并在后来的革命斗争中实践了 “农村包围城市, 武装夺取政权” 的革命口号, 为推翻三座大山, 建立一个民主、自由、富强的新中国立下了不朽的功勋.

1. The Site of Guangzhou Training Center for Peasants Movements

During the Great Revolution, thrice comrade Mao Zedong came to Guangzhou to take revolutionary activities. The first time was in June of 1923. He came to attend the Third Central Committee Congress and was elected Central Committee member and secretary of the Central Bureau. The second time was in January, 1924. He, as a CPC member, came to assist Sun Yat-sen reorganizing KMT. Also, he attended the First Congress of KMT and was elected candidate member of central executive committee of KMT. The last time was in September, 1925. He assumed the job of the acting minister of Central Publicity Department of KMT in October. He was also in charge of the Weekly Political Report—the official publication of the KMT Political Committee. Between May and September of the following year, being the head of the training center, he led the sixth training program for the peasants movements. A lot of backbones of the movements were cultivated. In later revolutionary struggles, this in turn helped greatly to realize the slogan “to surround the cities from the countryside and to seize the political power by armed forces”. Mao has great contribution to the founding of the democratic, free and powerful new country.

广州农民运动讲习所(Guangzhou Training Center for Peasants Movement)旧址坐落在广州市中山四路42号, 原址为明代建造的番禺学宫, 又叫做孔庙. 番禺学宫始建于1370年. 这座宏伟的古建筑从南到北由棂星门、泮池拱桥、大成门、崇圣殿和两侧东西廊庑等组成.

Guangzhou Training Center for Peasants Movement was at the 42nd of Zhongshansi Road of the city and the site used to be Fanyuxuegong, or Confucius Temple originating from the Ming dynasty. The grand temple was built in 1370. From south to north, it consists of Lingxinmeng, Panchi Arch Bridge, Dachengmeng, Chongsheng Temple, the eastern and western side rooms, etc.

旧址纪念馆于1953年建立, 并由周恩来同志题写了 “农民运动讲习所旧址” 牌匾, 故人们常称这里为 “毛泽东同志主办农民运动讲习所” , 或 “农讲所(Training Center for Peasants Movement)” . 1961年3月4日这里被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位(Historical Monuments & Cultural Relics under State Protection).

The old memorial was set up in 1953, and it had Zhou Enlai’s inscription of “Site of Training Center for Peasants Movement”. Accordingly, people used to name here as “Training Center for Peasants Movement led by Comrade Mao Zedong” or just simply as “Training Center for Peasants Movement”. The memorial was declared by the State Council as one of the cultural relics under state protection.

农民运动讲习所最初创办于1924年7月, 是在共产党人彭湃等人倡议下, 经中国国民党中央执行委员会通过而开办的培训农运干部的学校. 从1924年7月至1926年9月, 共举办了6期, 培养农运干部800多名. 其中, 毛泽东同志举办的是第6期, 即最后的一期. 毛泽东任所长, 肖楚女、彭湃、周恩来、恽代英、李立三、阮啸仙等著名的共产党人担任教员. 这一期培训全国各地农民运动的骨干300余人. 当时这里的学习、工作、生活条件十分艰苦. 学宫大成门左右两侧分别用杉木板隔成教务部、值星室、庶务部, 东耳房是毛泽东的办公室兼卧室, 西耳房是图书室, 大成殿是课堂, 崇圣殿正间为膳堂, 东面为军事训练部, 前院两庑和后院两廊均是学员宿舍.

The Training Center for Peasants Movement—a school for training cadres of the peasants movement—was firstly founded in July, 1924. It’s suggested by CPC member